降雨與流量關係

概述

此圖使用雙軸配置，視覺化「降雨強度」與「河流流量」隨時間的關係。將降雨軸（上方）設為反向、流量軸（下方）維持正向，可形成更直覺的呈現：降雨像從上方「落下」，流量在下方呈現回應。

何時使用

• 分析降雨—逕流關係
• 研究降水事件下的水文回應
• 洪水預報與復盤分析
• 水資源管理
• 環境影響評估

不適用

• 需要精確相關係數時（應做統計分析）
• 同時比較兩個以上相關變數時
• 缺少歷史脈絡的純即時監控

關鍵變體

• 反向的降雨軸，讓「降雨落下」的視覺更符合直覺
• 面積填色以凸顯兩條序列的幅度
• 使用 mark area 高亮特定事件區間
• 透過 data zoom 互動分析細分時間段
• 可調整時間尺度（小時／日／週）

使用情境

• 水文建模與模型驗證
• 洪水事件分析與預測
• 流域管理
• 大壩與水庫調度運行
• 氣候變遷影響研究

Data (CSV)

time,value,series
2009/6/12 2:00,0.97,Flow
2009/6/12 2:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/12 8:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/12 8:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/12 14:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/12 14:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/12 20:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/12 20:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/13 2:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/13 2:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/13 8:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/13 8:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/13 14:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/13 14:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/13 20:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/13 20:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/14 2:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/14 2:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/14 8:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/14 8:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/14 14:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/14 14:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/14 20:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/14 20:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/15 2:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/15 2:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/15 8:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/15 8:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/15 14:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/15 14:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/15 20:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/15 20:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/16 2:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/16 2:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/16 8:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/16 8:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/16 14:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/16 14:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/16 20:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/16 20:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/17 2:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/17 2:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/17 8:00,0.87,Flow
2009/6/17 8:00,0.017,Rainfall
2009/6/17 14:00,0.86,Flow
2009/6/17 14:00,0.03,Rainfall
2009/6/17 20:00,0.86,Flow
2009/6/17 20:00,0.045,Rainfall
2009/6/18 2:00,0.86,Flow
2009/6/18 2:00,0.042,Rainfall
2009/6/18 8:00,0.93,Flow
2009/6/18 8:00,0.096,Rainfall
2009/6/18 14:00,1.17,Flow
2009/6/18 14:00,0.14,Rainfall
2009/6/18 20:00,1.43,Flow
2009/6/18 20:00,0.042,Rainfall
2009/6/19 2:00,1.24,Flow
2009/6/19 2:00,0.054,Rainfall
2009/6/19 8:00,1.14,Flow
2009/6/19 8:00,0.126,Rainfall
2009/6/19 14:00,1.1,Flow
2009/6/19 14:00,0.349,Rainfall
2009/6/19 20:00,1.09,Flow
2009/6/19 20:00,0.117,Rainfall
2009/6/20 2:00,1.02,Flow
2009/6/20 2:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/20 8:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/20 8:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/20 14:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/20 14:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/20 20:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/20 20:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/21 2:00,0.93,Flow
2009/6/21 2:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/21 8:00,0.86,Flow
2009/6/21 8:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/21 14:00,0.86,Flow
2009/6/21 14:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/21 20:00,0.86,Flow
2009/6/21 20:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/5 0:00,0.46,Flow
2009/9/5 0:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/5 6:00,0.46,Flow
2009/9/5 6:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/5 12:00,0.46,Flow
2009/9/5 12:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/5 18:00,0.46,Flow
2009/9/5 18:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/6 0:00,0.46,Flow
2009/9/6 0:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/6 6:00,0.46,Flow
2009/9/6 6:00,0.018,Rainfall
2009/9/6 12:00,0.58,Flow
2009/9/6 12:00,0.046,Rainfall
2009/9/6 18:00,0.78,Flow
2009/9/6 18:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/7 0:00,0.78,Flow
2009/9/7 0:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/7 6:00,0.71,Flow
2009/9/7 6:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/7 12:00,0.63,Flow
2009/9/7 12:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/7 18:00,0.58,Flow
2009/9/7 18:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/8 0:00,0.58,Flow
2009/9/8 0:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/8 6:00,0.58,Flow
2009/9/8 6:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/8 12:00,0.58,Flow
2009/9/8 12:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/8 18:00,0.58,Flow
2009/9/8 18:00,0.009,Rainfall
2009/9/9 0:00,0.57,Flow
2009/9/9 0:00,0.009,Rainfall
2009/9/9 6:00,0.54,Flow
2009/9/9 6:00,0.009,Rainfall
2009/9/9 12:00,0.51,Flow
2009/9/9 12:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/9 18:00,0.48,Flow
2009/9/9 18:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/10 0:00,0.46,Flow
2009/9/10 0:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/10 6:00,0.46,Flow
2009/9/10 6:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/10 12:00,0.46,Flow
2009/9/10 12:00,0.309,Rainfall
2009/9/10 18:00,0.67,Flow
2009/9/10 18:00,1.436,Rainfall
2009/9/11 0:00,1.31,Flow
2009/9/11 0:00,0.556,Rainfall
2009/9/11 6:00,1.31,Flow
2009/9/11 6:00,0.192,Rainfall
2009/9/11 12:00,1.14,Flow
2009/9/11 12:00,0.009,Rainfall
2009/9/11 18:00,0.69,Flow
2009/9/11 18:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/12 0:00,0.64,Flow
2009/9/12 0:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/12 6:00,0.64,Flow
2009/9/12 6:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/12 12:00,0.64,Flow
2009/9/12 12:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/12 18:00,0.62,Flow
2009/9/12 18:00,0.082,Rainfall
2009/9/13 0:00,0.58,Flow
2009/9/13 0:00,0.122,Rainfall
2009/9/13 6:00,0.58,Flow
2009/9/13 6:00,0.746,Rainfall
2009/9/13 12:00,0.99,Flow
2009/9/13 12:00,2.393,Rainfall
2009/9/13 18:00,1.4,Flow
2009/9/13 18:00,0.043,Rainfall
2009/9/14 0:00,1.41,Flow
2009/9/14 0:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/14 6:00,1.47,Flow
2009/9/14 6:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/14 12:00,1.51,Flow
2009/9/14 12:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/14 18:00,4.18,Flow
2009/9/14 18:00,0.017,Rainfall
2009/9/15 0:00,6.73,Flow
2009/9/15 0:00,0.067,Rainfall
2009/9/15 6:00,9.84,Flow
2009/9/15 6:00,0.233,Rainfall
2009/9/15 12:00,13.66,Flow
2009/9/15 12:00,0.722,Rainfall
2009/9/15 18:00,146.6,Flow
2009/9/15 18:00,3.756,Rainfall
2009/9/16 0:00,225.23,Flow
2009/9/16 0:00,0.442,Rainfall
2009/9/16 6:00,184.6,Flow
2009/9/16 6:00,0.249,Rainfall
2009/9/16 12:00,119.94,Flow
2009/9/16 12:00,0.037,Rainfall
2009/9/16 18:00,105.44,Flow
2009/9/16 18:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/17 0:00,94.56,Flow
2009/9/17 0:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/17 6:00,69.76,Flow
2009/9/17 6:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/17 12:00,57.41,Flow
2009/9/17 12:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/17 18:00,52.57,Flow
2009/9/17 18:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/18 0:00,46.97,Flow
2009/9/18 0:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/18 6:00,39.5,Flow
2009/9/18 6:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/18 12:00,30.27,Flow
2009/9/18 12:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/18 18:00,25.86,Flow
2009/9/18 18:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/19 0:00,25.5,Flow
2009/9/19 0:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/19 6:00,25.5,Flow
2009/9/19 6:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/19 12:00,25.5,Flow
2009/9/19 12:00,0.044,Rainfall
2009/9/19 18:00,24.65,Flow
2009/9/19 18:00,0.513,Rainfall
2009/9/20 0:00,19.75,Flow
2009/9/20 0:00,2.828,Rainfall
2009/9/20 6:00,14.85,Flow
2009/9/20 6:00,4.95,Rainfall
2009/9/20 12:00,14.08,Flow
2009/9/20 12:00,3.35,Rainfall
2009/9/20 18:00,14.8,Flow
2009/9/20 18:00,1.015,Rainfall
2009/9/21 0:00,15.71,Flow
2009/9/21 0:00,0.72,Rainfall
2009/9/21 6:00,16.67,Flow
2009/9/21 6:00,0.046,Rainfall
2009/9/21 12:00,17.46,Flow
2009/9/21 12:00,0.007,Rainfall
2009/9/21 18:00,17.88,Flow
2009/9/21 18:00,0.007,Rainfall
2009/9/22 0:00,15.75,Flow
2009/9/22 0:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/22 6:00,10.98,Flow
2009/9/22 6:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/22 12:00,6.05,Flow
2009/9/22 12:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/22 18:00,3.28,Flow
2009/9/22 18:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/23 0:00,2.61,Flow
2009/9/23 0:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/23 6:00,2.07,Flow
2009/9/23 6:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/23 12:00,1.66,Flow
2009/9/23 12:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/23 18:00,1.39,Flow
2009/9/23 18:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/24 0:00,1.22,Flow
2009/9/24 0:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/24 6:00,1.2,Flow
2009/9/24 6:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/24 12:00,1.22,Flow
2009/9/24 12:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/24 18:00,1.25,Flow
2009/9/24 18:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/25 0:00,1.28,Flow
2009/9/25 0:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/25 6:00,1.3,Flow
2009/9/25 6:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/25 12:00,1.3,Flow
2009/9/25 12:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/25 18:00,1.29,Flow
2009/9/25 18:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/26 0:00,1.26,Flow
2009/9/26 0:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/26 6:00,1.16,Flow
2009/9/26 6:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/26 12:00,0.74,Flow
2009/9/26 12:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/26 18:00,0.71,Flow
2009/9/26 18:00,0,Rainfall

效能提示

• 對大資料集可將小時資料降採樣到 3–6 小時間隔
• 使用 dataZoom 聚焦特定時間段
• 啟用 inside dataZoom，獲得更順滑的平移/縮放互動
• 對長期趨勢（按月/年）可彙整到日級
• 超大資料量可考慮虛擬滾動/虛擬化渲染

FAQ

為什麼要把降雨軸反向? 這樣更符合直覺：降雨像從上方「落下」，讓因果關係更清楚。

如何理解降雨與流量之間的滯後（lag）? 降雨峰值與流量峰值的時間差反映流域回應時間，受流域面積、坡度、土壤條件與前期含水量等影響。

高亮區域代表什麼? mark area 用於高亮特定事件或關注區間，方便聚焦分析。

兩條序列都需要面積填色嗎? 通常建議是。面積填色能凸顯兩者幅度，讓模式更容易被看見。

如何處理缺失資料? 建議顯示斷點而非插值。缺失可能意味設備故障或資料品質問題，應在備註中說明。

最佳時間解析度是什麼? 小時級適合細緻事件分析；日級適合季節模式；週/月級適合長期趨勢。

如何加入降雨門檻線? 使用 markLine 在降雨軸上標示洪水警戒線或其他關鍵門檻。