降雨与流量关系

概述

该图通过双轴配置可视化“降雨强度”与“河流流量”随时间的关系。将降雨轴（上方）设置为反向、流量轴（下方）保持正向，会形成更直观的呈现：降雨像从上方“落下”，流量在下方给出响应。

何时使用

• 分析降雨—径流关系
• 研究降水事件下的水文响应
• 洪水预测与复盘分析
• 水资源管理
• 环境影响评估

不适用

• 需要精确相关系数时（应做统计分析）
• 同时比较两个以上的相关变量时
• 缺少历史背景的纯实时监控

关键变体

• 反向的降雨轴，让“降雨下落”的视觉更符合直觉
• 面积填充以强调两条序列的幅度
• 使用 mark area 高亮特定事件区间
• 通过 data zoom 交互分析细分时间段
• 可调整时间尺度（小时/日/周）

使用场景

• 水文建模与模型验证
• 洪水事件分析与预测
• 流域管理
• 大坝与水库调度运行
• 气候变化影响研究

Data (CSV)

time,value,series
2009/6/12 2:00,0.97,Flow
2009/6/12 2:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/12 8:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/12 8:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/12 14:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/12 14:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/12 20:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/12 20:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/13 2:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/13 2:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/13 8:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/13 8:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/13 14:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/13 14:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/13 20:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/13 20:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/14 2:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/14 2:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/14 8:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/14 8:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/14 14:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/14 14:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/14 20:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/14 20:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/15 2:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/15 2:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/15 8:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/15 8:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/15 14:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/15 14:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/15 20:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/15 20:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/16 2:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/16 2:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/16 8:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/16 8:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/16 14:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/16 14:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/16 20:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/16 20:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/17 2:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/17 2:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/17 8:00,0.87,Flow
2009/6/17 8:00,0.017,Rainfall
2009/6/17 14:00,0.86,Flow
2009/6/17 14:00,0.03,Rainfall
2009/6/17 20:00,0.86,Flow
2009/6/17 20:00,0.045,Rainfall
2009/6/18 2:00,0.86,Flow
2009/6/18 2:00,0.042,Rainfall
2009/6/18 8:00,0.93,Flow
2009/6/18 8:00,0.096,Rainfall
2009/6/18 14:00,1.17,Flow
2009/6/18 14:00,0.14,Rainfall
2009/6/18 20:00,1.43,Flow
2009/6/18 20:00,0.042,Rainfall
2009/6/19 2:00,1.24,Flow
2009/6/19 2:00,0.054,Rainfall
2009/6/19 8:00,1.14,Flow
2009/6/19 8:00,0.126,Rainfall
2009/6/19 14:00,1.1,Flow
2009/6/19 14:00,0.349,Rainfall
2009/6/19 20:00,1.09,Flow
2009/6/19 20:00,0.117,Rainfall
2009/6/20 2:00,1.02,Flow
2009/6/20 2:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/20 8:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/20 8:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/20 14:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/20 14:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/20 20:00,0.94,Flow
2009/6/20 20:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/21 2:00,0.93,Flow
2009/6/21 2:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/21 8:00,0.86,Flow
2009/6/21 8:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/21 14:00,0.86,Flow
2009/6/21 14:00,0,Rainfall
2009/6/21 20:00,0.86,Flow
2009/6/21 20:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/5 0:00,0.46,Flow
2009/9/5 0:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/5 6:00,0.46,Flow
2009/9/5 6:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/5 12:00,0.46,Flow
2009/9/5 12:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/5 18:00,0.46,Flow
2009/9/5 18:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/6 0:00,0.46,Flow
2009/9/6 0:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/6 6:00,0.46,Flow
2009/9/6 6:00,0.018,Rainfall
2009/9/6 12:00,0.58,Flow
2009/9/6 12:00,0.046,Rainfall
2009/9/6 18:00,0.78,Flow
2009/9/6 18:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/7 0:00,0.78,Flow
2009/9/7 0:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/7 6:00,0.71,Flow
2009/9/7 6:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/7 12:00,0.63,Flow
2009/9/7 12:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/7 18:00,0.58,Flow
2009/9/7 18:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/8 0:00,0.58,Flow
2009/9/8 0:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/8 6:00,0.58,Flow
2009/9/8 6:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/8 12:00,0.58,Flow
2009/9/8 12:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/8 18:00,0.58,Flow
2009/9/8 18:00,0.009,Rainfall
2009/9/9 0:00,0.57,Flow
2009/9/9 0:00,0.009,Rainfall
2009/9/9 6:00,0.54,Flow
2009/9/9 6:00,0.009,Rainfall
2009/9/9 12:00,0.51,Flow
2009/9/9 12:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/9 18:00,0.48,Flow
2009/9/9 18:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/10 0:00,0.46,Flow
2009/9/10 0:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/10 6:00,0.46,Flow
2009/9/10 6:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/10 12:00,0.46,Flow
2009/9/10 12:00,0.309,Rainfall
2009/9/10 18:00,0.67,Flow
2009/9/10 18:00,1.436,Rainfall
2009/9/11 0:00,1.31,Flow
2009/9/11 0:00,0.556,Rainfall
2009/9/11 6:00,1.31,Flow
2009/9/11 6:00,0.192,Rainfall
2009/9/11 12:00,1.14,Flow
2009/9/11 12:00,0.009,Rainfall
2009/9/11 18:00,0.69,Flow
2009/9/11 18:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/12 0:00,0.64,Flow
2009/9/12 0:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/12 6:00,0.64,Flow
2009/9/12 6:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/12 12:00,0.64,Flow
2009/9/12 12:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/12 18:00,0.62,Flow
2009/9/12 18:00,0.082,Rainfall
2009/9/13 0:00,0.58,Flow
2009/9/13 0:00,0.122,Rainfall
2009/9/13 6:00,0.58,Flow
2009/9/13 6:00,0.746,Rainfall
2009/9/13 12:00,0.99,Flow
2009/9/13 12:00,2.393,Rainfall
2009/9/13 18:00,1.4,Flow
2009/9/13 18:00,0.043,Rainfall
2009/9/14 0:00,1.41,Flow
2009/9/14 0:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/14 6:00,1.47,Flow
2009/9/14 6:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/14 12:00,1.51,Flow
2009/9/14 12:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/14 18:00,4.18,Flow
2009/9/14 18:00,0.017,Rainfall
2009/9/15 0:00,6.73,Flow
2009/9/15 0:00,0.067,Rainfall
2009/9/15 6:00,9.84,Flow
2009/9/15 6:00,0.233,Rainfall
2009/9/15 12:00,13.66,Flow
2009/9/15 12:00,0.722,Rainfall
2009/9/15 18:00,146.6,Flow
2009/9/15 18:00,3.756,Rainfall
2009/9/16 0:00,225.23,Flow
2009/9/16 0:00,0.442,Rainfall
2009/9/16 6:00,184.6,Flow
2009/9/16 6:00,0.249,Rainfall
2009/9/16 12:00,119.94,Flow
2009/9/16 12:00,0.037,Rainfall
2009/9/16 18:00,105.44,Flow
2009/9/16 18:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/17 0:00,94.56,Flow
2009/9/17 0:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/17 6:00,69.76,Flow
2009/9/17 6:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/17 12:00,57.41,Flow
2009/9/17 12:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/17 18:00,52.57,Flow
2009/9/17 18:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/18 0:00,46.97,Flow
2009/9/18 0:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/18 6:00,39.5,Flow
2009/9/18 6:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/18 12:00,30.27,Flow
2009/9/18 12:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/18 18:00,25.86,Flow
2009/9/18 18:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/19 0:00,25.5,Flow
2009/9/19 0:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/19 6:00,25.5,Flow
2009/9/19 6:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/19 12:00,25.5,Flow
2009/9/19 12:00,0.044,Rainfall
2009/9/19 18:00,24.65,Flow
2009/9/19 18:00,0.513,Rainfall
2009/9/20 0:00,19.75,Flow
2009/9/20 0:00,2.828,Rainfall
2009/9/20 6:00,14.85,Flow
2009/9/20 6:00,4.95,Rainfall
2009/9/20 12:00,14.08,Flow
2009/9/20 12:00,3.35,Rainfall
2009/9/20 18:00,14.8,Flow
2009/9/20 18:00,1.015,Rainfall
2009/9/21 0:00,15.71,Flow
2009/9/21 0:00,0.72,Rainfall
2009/9/21 6:00,16.67,Flow
2009/9/21 6:00,0.046,Rainfall
2009/9/21 12:00,17.46,Flow
2009/9/21 12:00,0.007,Rainfall
2009/9/21 18:00,17.88,Flow
2009/9/21 18:00,0.007,Rainfall
2009/9/22 0:00,15.75,Flow
2009/9/22 0:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/22 6:00,10.98,Flow
2009/9/22 6:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/22 12:00,6.05,Flow
2009/9/22 12:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/22 18:00,3.28,Flow
2009/9/22 18:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/23 0:00,2.61,Flow
2009/9/23 0:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/23 6:00,2.07,Flow
2009/9/23 6:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/23 12:00,1.66,Flow
2009/9/23 12:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/23 18:00,1.39,Flow
2009/9/23 18:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/24 0:00,1.22,Flow
2009/9/24 0:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/24 6:00,1.2,Flow
2009/9/24 6:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/24 12:00,1.22,Flow
2009/9/24 12:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/24 18:00,1.25,Flow
2009/9/24 18:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/25 0:00,1.28,Flow
2009/9/25 0:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/25 6:00,1.3,Flow
2009/9/25 6:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/25 12:00,1.3,Flow
2009/9/25 12:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/25 18:00,1.29,Flow
2009/9/25 18:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/26 0:00,1.26,Flow
2009/9/26 0:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/26 6:00,1.16,Flow
2009/9/26 6:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/26 12:00,0.74,Flow
2009/9/26 12:00,0,Rainfall
2009/9/26 18:00,0.71,Flow
2009/9/26 18:00,0,Rainfall

性能提示

• 对大数据集可将小时数据降采样到 3–6 小时间隔
• 使用 dataZoom 聚焦特定时间段
• 启用 inside dataZoom，获得更顺滑的平移/缩放交互
• 对长期趋势（按月/年）可聚合到日级
• 极大数据量可考虑虚拟滚动/虚拟化渲染

FAQ

为什么要把降雨轴反向? 这样更符合直觉：降雨像从上方“落下”，让因果关系更清晰。

如何理解降雨与流量之间的滞后（lag）? 降雨峰值与流量峰值之间的时间差反映了流域响应时间，它受流域面积、坡度、土壤条件和前期含水量等影响。

高亮区域表示什么? mark area 用于高亮特定事件或关注区间，便于聚焦分析。

两条序列都需要面积填充吗? 一般建议是。面积填充能强调两者的幅度，让模式更容易被看见。

如何处理缺失数据? 建议显示断点而不是插值。缺失可能意味着设备故障或数据质量问题，应在备注中说明。

最佳时间分辨率是什么? 小时级适合细致事件分析；日级适合季节模式；周/月级适合长期趋势。

如何添加降雨阈值线? 使用 markLine 在降雨轴上标出洪水预警线或其他关键阈值。